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INTRODUCTION
MAIN FEATURES - AUSTRALIA In 2000-01, almost 90% of Australia's wage and salary earners were located in Major Cities and Inner Regional areas, with 70.3% and 18.3% in these areas respectively. Outer Regional areas comprised 9.3% while 2.2% of wage and salary earners were residents in the combined Remote and Very Remote areas. In comparison, at 30 June 2001, it was estimated that 66.3% of Australia's total population were resident in Major Cities and 20.7% in Inner Regional areas. The total population was estimated to be 10.4% in Outer Regional and 2.6% in Remote and Very Remote areas combined. As would be expected these proportions broadly indicate the greater availability and centralisation of jobs in the major city areas. Queensland was the least capital city centric of the five larger states with 56% of its wage and salary earners in Major Cities. In comparison, around three quarters, or 75%, of all employees in each of the other large states, i.e. New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, were resident in their Major Cities. At 30 June 2001, it was estimated that around 52% of Queensland's total population were resident in Major Cities while for NSW, SA and WA the estimate was around 71%. In Victoria, the proportion of all people resident in Major Cities was slightly higher at around 73%. For the smaller states and territories, two-thirds of Tasmania's wage and salary earner population were resident in Inner Regional areas (Hobart and Launceston) while over one third (37.2%) of the Northern Territory's wage and salary earners were located in Remote (21.6%) and Very Remote (15.6%). The remaining NT wage and salary earner population, 62.8%, was classified as Outer Regional. At 30 June 2001, it was estimated that 46% of the NT's total population were resident in Remote and Very Remote areas. In Tasmania, 63.6% and 34.1% of the total population were residents in Inner Regional and Outer Regional areas respectively. DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS BY REMOTENESS AREA,
States and Territories, 2000-01
Source: ATO Income Tax Data. Total wage and salary income paid to Australia's wage and salary earners was $259.6 billion in 2000-01, up from $247.9 billion in 2000-01 and $204.2 billion in 1995-96. Between 1999-2000 and 2000-01 both Major Cities and Inner Regional areas recorded growth in the number of wage and salary earners with increases of 0.7% and 1.0% respectively. This contrasts with decreases in the number of wage and salary earners recorded in Outer Regional, down by 0.7%, Remote (-3.4%) and Very Remote (-1.8%). Although Outer Regional, Remote and Very Remote recorded decreases in the number of wage and salary earners over the latest year, all remoteness areas recorded positive growth in the level of total wage and salary income paid. The growth in Major cities was greatest, in both percentage and absolute terms. Major Cities recorded a 5.0% increase between 1999-2000 and 2000-01 and an average annual rate of increase of 5.2% over the five year period from 1995-96 to 2000-01. In 2000-01, Very Remote areas recorded an increase in total wages and salaries paid of 2.7% over the previous year and an average annual rate of 0.4% between 1995-96 and 2000-01. These growth patterns indicate that wages and salaries paid in Major Cities are increasing at a consistently higher rate than for employees in other regions and that the difference is widening. As a consequence, Major Cities made up $190.3 billion, or 73.3%, of total wages and salaries paid in 2000-01 while in Very Remote Australia the amount was $1.7 billion (0.7% of Australia's total). In 1995-96 total wages and salaries paid to employees in Major Cities accounted for 72.2% ($147.4 billion) of the Australian total. WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Remoteness Area, 1995-96 to 2000-01
(b) Total includes data that could not be allocated to a remoteness category. Note: Indigenous persons engaged in Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) may be included in the above data for the years 1995-96 to 1997-98 and excluded for 1998-99 onwards. Consequently, changes between 1997-98 and 1998-99 and 1995-96 and 2000-01 in particular need to be treated with caution. For further details please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. TOTAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Remoteness Area, 1995-96 to 2000-01 Source: ATO Income Tax Data. For the financial year 2000-01, the median individual annual wage and salary income for wage and salary earners in Australia was $30,470. This was an increase of 3.3% over the previous year ($29,509) and a 15.8% increase on the median in 1995-96 ($26,309). The average annual rate of increase over the last five years has been 3.2%. (Note: The median is the mid value which divides a population distribution into two, with half of the observations falling below it and half above it. Median wage and salary income has been calculated from data provided in ranges and therefore the distribution within a range has been assumed to be even. Care should be taken when using the data and the median treated as an estimate only). The Major Cities remoteness category has consistently had the highest median annual wage and salary income over the period 1995-96 to 2000-01, while in 2000-01 Remote and Very Remote areas had the next highest medians with $29,296 and $29,137 per annum respectively. The higher medians in Remote and Very Remote areas are likely to be influenced by high wages and salaries paid to employees in the mining industry, which is concentrated in these regions of Australia, as well as higher wages offered to employees in general to attract them to work in these remote regions. Remote and Very Remote areas also had the greatest percentage change between 1999-2000 and 2000-01 with increases of 4.5% and 4.4% respectively. The Outer Regional remoteness category had the lowest median wage and salary income, $27,451 in 2000-01, while Inner Regional recorded the smallest percentage increase between 1999-2000 and 2000-01 at 2.9%. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Remoteness Area, 1995-96 to 2000-01
(b) Total includes data that could not be allocated to a remoteness category. Note: Indigenous persons engaged in CDEP may be included in the above data for the years 1995-96 to 1997-98 and excluded for 1998-99 onwards. Consequently, changes between 1997-98 and 1998-99 and 1995-96 and 2000-01 in particular need to be treated with caution. For further details please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME(a), by Remoteness Area, 1995-96 to 2000-01 (a) Indigenous persons engaged in CDEP may be included in the above data for the years 1995-96 to 1997-98 and excluded for 1998-99 onwards. Consequently, changes between 1997-98 and 1998-99 and 1995-96 and 2000-01 in particular need to be treated with caution. For further details please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. SEX DISTRIBUTION In 2000-01, there were 3.99 million male (54.8%) and 3.49 million female (45.2%) wage and salary earners in Australia. Although Major Cities accounted for most wage and salary earners the proportion of males generally increased in each class as the degree of remoteness increased. The proportion of male wage and salary earners in Major Cities was 52.8% in 2000-01 compared with 56.4% in Remote areas and 55.1% in Very Remote areas. WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Sex and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
Note: Due to the randomisation process applied to small cells for confidentiality purposes, totals for each characteristic and geographic area may differ from table to table. For further information please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Sex and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 Source: ATO Income Tax Data. Median wage and salary incomes for males were consistently higher than those for females in all remoteness areas in 2000-01. The differential between male and female median incomes was over $10,000 in each region with the highest differences in Remote and Very Remote areas ($14,674 and $12,650 respectively). Median incomes for females tended to be reasonably similar in all areas outside Major Cities. Part of the disparity between male and female median wage and salary income is attributable to the differences in the number of hours worked. Females are more likely to be employed on a part-time basis than males, while males are more likely to work overtime. Females also frequently occupy lower paid positions (Australian Social Trends, 2002, (cat. no. 4102.0), Work: employment arrangements, p 132).
MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Sex and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
Source: ATO Income Tax Data. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Sex and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 Source: ATO Income Tax Data. AGE DISTRIBUTION The proportion of wage and salary earners in each age group varies within each of the remoteness structure classes. The 25-34 year age group accounted for the largest proportion of wage and salary earners in Major Cities, Remote and Very Remote areas, at around 27% to 28%, while in both Inner Regional and Outer Regional areas the 35-44 year age group accounted for the largest proportion (around 26% to 27%). In the 25-34 year age group the proportion of wage and salary earners outside of Major Cities increased as the degree of remoteness increased. For example, in 2000-01, 22.2% of wage and salary earners were aged 25-34 in Inner Regional areas rising to 27.7% in Very Remote areas. Conversely, the proportion of wage and salary earners in both the 45-54 year and 55 years and over age groups generally decreased as remoteness increased. WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Age Group and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
Note: Due to the randomisation process applied to small cells for confidentiality purposes, totals for each characteristic and geographic area may differ from table to table. For further information please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Age Group and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 Source: ATO Income Tax Data. In all remoteness classes, the median wage and salary income increased with age, peaking in the 45-54 year age group. Individuals in this age group often experience increased earning capacity due to factors such as promotions, increased qualifications and experience. The median annual wage and salary income was highest in Major Cities for all age groups except for those aged 15-24 years where Very Remote areas recorded the highest median income ($17,307). Overall, as the degree of remoteness increased, median wage and salary income for persons aged 15-24 increased. It is likely that persons in this age group in remote areas are more likely to be working full-time rather than undertaking study and working part-time, which is more common, particularly in Major Cities, for this age group (which would have the effect of lowering the median). In 2000-01, Outer Regional areas had the lowest median annual wage and salary income for all age groups except the 15-24 year age group. Across all age groups the medians were greater in Remote and Very Remote areas than in the Inner Regional and Outer Regional areas. This again is likely to reflect the industry mix in each of these broad regions. The highest median annual wage and salary income, $37,605, was recorded in Major Cities in the 45-54 year age group. The lowest median, $14,922, was in the Inner Regional areas for those aged 15-24 years. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Age Group and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
Source: ATO Income Tax Data. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Age Group and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 Source: ATO Income Tax Data. OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION The proportion of wage and salary earners in each occupation group varies within each of the remoteness structure classes. The occupation groups Para-professionals, Tradespersons, Plant and machine operators and drivers and Labourers and related workers, all generally increased in proportion as remoteness increased. This reflects the skills required in the major industry sectors of primary production and mining that are more prevalent in areas outside of Major Cities. Occupation groups such as Salespersons and personal service workers, Professionals and Clerks tended to decrease in proportion as remoteness increased. Occupation data compiled from the ATO database includes a high proportion of wage and salary earners for whom the occupation was not stated or not coded. Care should therefore be taken when analysing the occupation distribution. Over the period for which this series has been compiled, the proportion of persons in the "not stated" category has decreased each year from around 27% in 1995-96 to 20% in 2000-01. It should also be noted that the proportion in the "not stated" category decreases with remoteness and may account for some of the apparent differences in occupations in the different remoteness classes. In Major Cities 21.2% of wage and salary earners did not state their occupation in 2000-01, decreasing to 13.1% in Very Remote areas. Further information is contained in the Glossary under Occupation. WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Occupation(a) and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
(b) Total includes data that could not be allocated to a remoteness category. Note: Due to the randomisation process applied to small cells for confidentiality purposes, totals for each characteristic and geographic area may differ from table to table. For further information please refer to the Explanatory Notes. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGE AND SALARY EARNERS, by Occupation(a) and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 (a) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 1st Edition. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. In 2000-01, the median annual wage and salary income for Managers and administrators substantially decreased outside of Major Cities. The median in Major Cities, at $45,072 per annum, was approximately $10,000 per annum higher than for any other remoteness region. Professionals had the highest median in all remoteness classes except for Very Remote areas where Plant and machine operators and drivers had the highest median income. Salespersons and personal service workers had the lowest median annual wage and salary income in every remoteness class. This reflects the nature of the retail industry where a substantial proportion of the workforce is employed on a part-time or casual basis. In Major Cities, Salespersons and personal service workers had a median annual wage and salary income of $23,193 while in Remote areas it was $19,458. For the occupation groups Professionals, Para-professionals and Tradespersons the median annual wage and salary income was lowest in the Inner Regional and Outer Regional areas. In contrast, Clerks had the highest median in Major Cities with $29,731, while all other areas were around $25,500 per annum. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Occupation(a) and Remoteness Area, 2000-01
(b) Total includes data that could not be allocated to a remoteness category. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE AND SALARY INCOME, by Occupation(a) and Remoteness Area, 2000-01 (a) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 1st Edition. Source: ATO Income Tax Data. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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6261.0.55.001 - Characteristics of Wage and Salary Earners in Regions of Australia, 2000-01
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 09/03/2004
This page last updated 20 June 2006